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Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection – details and sources

 

This html document contains supplementary details and source information to the paper "Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection" by G. Arnqvist, 1998 (Nature 393, 784-786). The contents are the following:

(1) Table with detailed information on species and traits included in the contrasts

(2) Supplementary list of references

(3) Acknowledgements

 

 

(1) Detailed information on species and traits included in the contrasts

Contrast

Order

Polyandrous family

Polyandrous genus & species

Monandrous family

Monandrous genus & species

Genital trait

General trait

A

Ephemeroptera

Siphlonuridae

Siphlonurus aestivalis

S. alternatus

S. armatus

S. lacustris

Caenidae

Caenis horaria

C. lactea

C. luctuosa

C. rivulorum

Penis lobes

Tergum of abdominal segment 10

B

Lepidoptera

Pieridae

Pieris brassicae

P. napi

P. rapae

Satyridae

Lasiommata maera

L. megera

L. petropolitana

Genital valve

Wings

C

Lepidoptera

Pieridae

Colias hecla

C. hyale

C. nastes

C. palaeno

Satyridae

Coenonympha arcania

C. hero

C. pamphilus

C. tullia

Genital valve

Wings

D

Lepidoptera

Nymphalidae

Eueides aliphera

E. eanes

E. lybia

E. tales

Nymphalidae

Eueides emsleyi

E. lineatus

E. pavana

E. vibilia

Genital valve

Wings

E

Lepidoptera

Nymphalidae

Heliconius astraea

H. besckei

H. burneyi

H. cydno

H. egeria

H. elevatus

H. ethilla

H. hecale

H. ismenius

H. melpomene

H. nattereri

H. numata

H. pardalinus

H. wallacei

Nymphalidae

Heliconius antiochus

H. clysonymus

H. charitonia

H. demeter

H. eleuchia

H. erato

H. hecalesia

H. hermathena

H. hortense

H. ricini

H. sapho

H. sara

H. telesiphe

Genital valve

Wings

F

Lepidoptera

Tortricidae

Chosistoneura lafauryana

C. muriana

C. diversana

C. sorbiana

Tortricidae

Epiphyas postvittana

E. xylodes

E. eucyrta

E. liadelpha

Aedeagus

- †

G

Lepidoptera

Noctuidae

Euoxa auxillaris

E. plagigera

E. catenula

E. satis

E. atristrigata

Psychidae

Deborrea malgassa

D. humberti

D. cambouei

D. griveaudi

D. robertsoni

Aedeagus

Wings

H

Lepidoptera

Noctuidae

Helicoverpa zea

H. confusa

H. minuta

H. pacifica

H. assulta

H. toddi

H. fletcheri

H. tibetensis

Psychidae

Cryptothelea nigrita

C. macleayi *

C. watsoni

C. gloverii

C. surimanensis

C. congregata *

C. symmicta

Genital valve

Wings

I

Lepidoptera

Noctuidae

Heliothis flavirufa

H. metachrisea *

H. nubigera *

H. oregonica

H. peltigera *

H. feildi *

H. molochitina *

H. virescens

H. galathae *

Psychidae

Oiketicus bergii *

O. specter *

O. zihuatanejensis

O. geyeri

O. kirbyi

O. toumeyi *

O. townsendi *

O. platensis *

O. abbotii *

Genital valve

Fore femur

J

Diptera

Dryomyzidae

Dryomyza anilis

D. bergi

D. flaveola

D. formosa

D. puellaris

D. setosa

D. simplex

Calliphoridae

Lucilia ampullacea

L. bofonivora

L. caesar

L. magnicornis

L. illustris

L. regalis

L. richardsi

L. sericata

L. silvarum

Aedeagus

- †

K

Diptera

Drosophilidae

Drosophila disticha

D. basimacula

D. quasianomalipes

D. mimica

D. olaae

D. scolostoma

D. hirticoxa

D. petalopeza

D. fungicola

D. incompleta

D. parva

D. villosipedis

D. pilimana

D. engyochracea

D. grimshawi

D. crusigera

D. adiastola

D. punalua

D. picticornis

D. nasalis

D. crassifemur

D. species X

D. ochracea

Culicidae

Anopheles solomonis

A. nataliae

A. lungae

A. koliensis

A. punctula

A. farauti

A. minimus

A. tesselatus

A. bengalensis

A. omorii

A. lindesayii

A. koreicus

A. saperoi

A. sinensis

A. barberi

A. earlei

A. freeborni

A. punctipennis

A. quadrimaculatus

A. walkeri

A. algeriensis

A. plumbeus

A. claviger

A. marteri

A. maculipennis

A. hyrcanus

A. pulcherrimus

A. superpictus

Aedeagus

- †

L

Diptera

Tephritidae

Rhagoletis pomonella

R. zephyria

R. mendax

R. cornivora

R. suaris

R. completa

R. boycei

R. juglandis

R. zoqui

R. tabellaria

R. juniperina

R. persimilis

R. ebbettsi **

R. ribicola

R. berberis

R. cingulata

R. indifferens

R. osmanthi

R. chionanthi

R. alternata **

R. striatella

R. fausta

R. cerasi

R. basiola

Tephritidae

Bactrocera cucurbitae

B. correcta

B. zonata

B. dorsalis

B. latifrons **

B. tryoni **

B. diversus *

B. caudatus *

B. scutellaris *

Aedeagus

Wings

M

Diptera

Anthomyiidae

Coenosia basalis

C. rufitibia

C. calopyga

C. ovata

C. major

C. tigrina

C. humilis

C. laeta

C. mollicula

C. nigritarsis

Anthomyiidae

Delia lupini

D. concorda

D. inconspicua

D. pilifemur

D. fennica

D. deviata

D. bucculenta

D. xanthobasis

D. disrupta

D. integralis

D. augusta

Aedeagus

(distiphallus)

- †

N

Diptera

Cecidomyiidae

Rhopalomyia pomum

R. brevibulla

R. hirtibulla

R. tumidibulla

R. ampullaria

R. gossypina

R. cramboides

R. anthoides

R. medusirrasa

R. hirticaulis

R. obovata

R. chrysanthemi

R. subhumilis

Cecidomyiidae

Mayetiola culacera

M. phalaris

M. hellwigi

M. schoberi

M. hordei

M. destructor

M. ammophilae

Telomeres

- †

O

Diptera

Chironomidae

Stictochironomus naevus

S. maculipennis *

S. rosenschoeldi *

S. sticticus *

S. crassiforceps

S. pictulus *

Chironomidae

Clunio marshalli

C. schmitti

C. brevis

C. marinus

C. littoralis **

C. vagans **

Parameres

Wings

P

Diptera

Chironomidae

Chironomus obtusidens

C. inermifrons

C. species a

C. anthracinus

C. prasinus

C. annularis

C. cingulatus

C. venustus

C. longistylus

C. dorsalis

C. pilicornis

C. plumosus

C. salinarius

C. aprilinius

C. luridius

C. lugubris

C. riparius

Chironomidae

Pontomyia pacifica

P. oceana

P. natans

P. cottoni

Aedeagus (dorsal lobe - median volsella)

- †

Q

Coleoptera

Anobiidae

Ernobius laticollis *

E. freudei *

E. nigrinus

E. longicornis

E. abietinus

E. angusticollis

E. abietis

E. mollis

E. pini *

E. mulsantianus

E. explanatus

E. kiesenwetteri *

E. phobos *

E. gigas *

E. parens *

E. jaroslavi *

Anobiidae

Xestobium plumbeum

X. rufovillosum

X. austriacum *

Aedegus (medial lobe)

Pronotum

R

Coleoptera

Elateridae

Agriotes sputator

A. insanus

A. pubescens

A. belfragei

A. mancus

A. lineatus

Elateridae

Ctenicera aeripennis

C. appropinquans

C. montanus

C. carbo

C. pruinius

Aedegus (lateral lobe)

- †

S

Coleoptera

Dermestidae

Dermestes ater

D. leechi

D. haemorrhoidalis

D. peruvianus

Dermestidae

Trogoderma granarium

T. inclusum

T. glabrum

T. variabile

T. grassmani

T. ornatum

T. sternale

T. primum

T. bactrianum

Aedegus (medial lobe)

Elytra (left)

* Only illustrations of genitalia available

** Only illustrations of general trait available

† No comparable illustrations available

 

 

 

(2) Supplementary list of references (letter within brackets refers to contrast in the table above)

 

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(3) Acknowledgements

This study would not have been possible without the generous help of a large number of colleagues with expert knowledge on the taxa included in the study. I wish to express my sincerest gratitude to the following scholars, for sharing their knowledge and experience with me (letter within brackets refers to contrast in the table above): Ahola, M. (matti@mahola.pp.fi) (G, H), Aluja, M. (alujam@sun.ieco.conacyt.mx) (L), Anweiler, G. (gganweiler@aol.com) (H), Armitage, P. (pdar@wpo.nerc.ac.uk) (O, P), Banks, J. (jb@ento.csiro.au) (S), Becker, E. C. (R), Brewer, W. (wbrewer@acesag.auburn.edu) (N), Brittain, J. E. (j.e.brittain@toyen.uio.no) (A), Burkholder, W. (burkhold@plantpath.wisc.edu) (M), Delettre, Y. R. (yannick.delettre@univ-rennes1.fr) (P), Fields, P. (pfields@em.agr.ca) (S), Frederickson, C. (cfrederi@guate.net) (K), Gagné, R. (rgagne@sel.barc.usda.gov) (N), Gorham, J. R. (jrgorham@ix.netcom.com) (K), Hendrichs, J. (hendrich@ripo1.iaea.or.at) (L), Horak, M. (marianne@ento.csiro.au) (F), Iwahashi, O. (oiwahash@agr.u-ryukyu.ac.jp) (L), Jessup, A. (andrew_jessup_at_gosford@smtpgwy.agric.nsw.gov.au) (L), Johnson, P. J. (johnsonp@mg.sdstate.edu) (R), Koella, J. (koella@aau.dk) (K), Kon, M. (kon@ses.usp.ac.jp) (P), Kondratieff, B. C. (bkondrat@ceres.agsci.colostate.edu) (A), Kuvangkadilok, C. (scckv@mahidol.ac.th) (O, P), McCafferty, P. (pat_mccafferty@entm.purdue.edu) (A), Miyatake, T. (miyatake@nousi.pref.okinawa.jp) (L), Nylin, S. (snylin@zoologi.su.se) (B, C), Opp, S. (sopp@gauss.sci.csuhayward.edu) (L), Papaj, D. R. (papaj@ccit.arizona.edu) (L), Pape, T. (thomas.pape@nrm.se) (J), Petterson, R. (roger.pettersson@szooek.slu.se) (F, Q), Plant, C. (colinwplant@compuserve.com) (G, H), Prokopy, R. (prokopy@ent.umass.edu) (L), Rees, D. (david.rees@spider.ento.csiro.au) (M), Reinhardt, K. (b5klre@rz.uni-jena.de) (O, P), Robinson, J. (robinson@albert.uta.edu), Rohfritsch, O. (odette.rohfritsch@ibmp-ulp.u-strasbg.fr) (N), Roskam, H. C. (roskam@rulsfb.leidenuniv.nl) (N), Shelly, T. (tshelly@acpub.duke.edu) (L), Shorthouse, J. D. (jshortho@nickel.laurentian.ca) (M), Skuhrava, M. (vanecek@tsoft.cz) (N), Skuhravy, V. (vanecek@tsoft.cz) (N), Spielman, A. (aspielma@sph.harvard.edu) (K), Strang, T. (tom_strang@pch.gc.ca) (M), Subramanyam, B. (subra001@maroon.tc.unm.edu) (M), Svensson, B.-G. (Bo-G.Svensson@zoologi.uu.se), Sylvén, E. (thomas.pape@nrm.se) (N), Szito, A. (AndrasS@apb.agric.wa.gov.au) (M), Watson, P. J. (pwatson@mail.umu.edu) (N), Wiklund, C. (Christer.Wiklund@zoologi.su.se) (B, C), Zettler, L. (lzettler@qnet.net) (M), and Zloty, J. (jzloty@acs.ucalgary.ca) (A).